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Bypass Surgery - Overview

Heart bypass surgery also called coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is used to replace damaged arteries to improve blood flow to your heart. A cardiac surgeon uses blood vessels taken from another area of your body to bypass the damaged arteries.

Heart bypass surgery is done when coronary arteries become blocked or damaged. These arteries supply your heart with oxygenated blood and if these arteries are blocked or blood flow is restricted, the heart doesn’t work properly that can lead to heart failure.

Bypass Surgery - Symptoms

A cardiologist will recommend an open heart bypass surgery in the following cases:

When are Artery are blocked and are unable to treat using medication or with artery-opening procedures like angioplasty.
If you have been through a formerly failed angioplasty, surgery might be the only option.
When the heart muscles are falling short of oxygen even with the slightest activity or during rest- A severe case of angina

• Noticeable blockages in more than one artery that supplies blood to the heart

Bypass Surgery - Pre-Procedure

If your doctor recommends heart bypass surgery, they’ll give you complete instructions on how to prepare before the surgery.

If your surgery is scheduled in advance and not an emergency procedure, you’ll most likely have several preoperative appointments with your doctor where you’ll be asked about your health and family medical history. Your doctor will recommend a few tests that you’ll need to undergo to help your doctor get an accurate picture of your health. These may include:

electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
angiogram
blood tests
chest X-ray

Bypass Surgery - During Procedure

It takes around three to six hours for bypass surgery to finish, depending on the heart blockages and their severity. An experienced cardiac surgeon along with his trusted team will perform the operation under general anesthesia.

The procedure starts by removing a healthy artery or a vein graft from some other part of the body. Usually, the grafts are taken either from the leg (saphenous vein), from inside the chest (also known as an internal mammary artery) or from the arm (known as a radial artery).
Once the graft is ready, the surgeon will make an incision along the breastbone in the center of the chest and slowly spread open the rib cage in order to get open access to the heart.
With the help of a stabilization device, the heart is stabilized so that the surgeon can work on the required area of the heart.
Then, the one end of the graft is attached to the area just above the blockage in the artery and another end is attached below the artery blockage area.
After the successful implantation of the graft over the blood vessel, normal blood flow resumes in the area.
In the CABG procedure, the heart continues to beat while in the CBP procedure, the heart stops temporarily. Talk to your surgeons to understand the pros and cons of both treatment methods.

Bypass Surgery - Post-Procedure

After the surgery is finished you’ll wake up in an intensive care unit (ICU). You’ll have a tube in your mouth to help you breathe. You won’t be able to talk and will feel uncomfortable just after the surgery. Nurses will be there to monitor you. They’ll remove the tube after a few hours, when you can breathe on your own.

You’ll also be hooked up to machines that will monitor your vital signs, like your heart rate and blood pressure, around the clock. You’ll have to stay in the ICU for a few days before being moved to a hospital room. You’ll stay there for about 3 to 5 days before you will get a discharge from hospital.

Bypass Surgery - Risk & Complications

After coronary bypass surgery, your doctor will recommend some lifestyle changes. Medications are prescribed routinely after coronary bypass surgery to lower your blood cholesterol, reduce the risk of developing a blood clot and help your heart function as well as possible. The risks and complications largely depend on the status of your health before your surgery and the chances of risks are maybe higher when the surgery is an emergency procedure. Some of the possible risks include:

Post-pericardiotomy syndrome – low fever or chest pain
Disruption in cognitive abilities or memory loss
Chest wound infection
Problems in heart rhythms or a stroke
Arrhythmias
According to many clinical studies It is seen that a beating heart CABG procedure offers comparatively lesser complications and a shorter hospital stay compared to the conventional CPB.

Bypass Surgery - Doctors

Dr. Y K Mishra

Director , MBBS, MD, Fellowship

Cardiologist

32 years of experience
Dr.Naresh Trehan

Chairman, MBBS

Cardiologist

40 years of experience
Dr. Manoj Luthra

Director , MBBS, MS, DNB

Cardiologist

26 years of experience
Dr. Murtaza Ahmed Chishti

Director , MCh, MS, MBBS

Cardiac Surgeon

34 years of experience