Blood cancer develops in the central core of bone, known as bone marrow. Blood production happens in the spongy bone marrow. Every healthy human body needs normal, functional, and fit blood cell production that can produce, work actively and die while getting replaced by the next set of healthy cells. The origination of blood cells in a body is by the parent cells, known as stem cells.
The Human body constitutes approximately 08 percent of the blood in the body weight. The blood in the body circulates all over the vascular system to supply oxygen to organs along with antibodies, hormones, and nutrients. In common, blood consists of an equal amount of blood cells, that is, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, and plasma, which includes the liquid carrying nutrients, waste, and other things. The irregular and disappropriate production of white blood cells results in blood cancer, which is also primary cancer that directly impacts the bone marrow.
Hematologic cancer or blood cancer rises when there is an abnormal development in the blood cells. This irregular formation of blood cells leads to blood cancer. The blood cancer cells directly strike the lymphatic system, blood, and bone marrow. These massive changes create disorder, making way for a series of symptoms.
The general blood cancers in adults (men and women) include lymphoma, myeloma, and leukaemia. Only blood cancers add up to 10% of other cancers, whereas leukaemia in children reports up to 25 % of the other cancers. With affordable, advanced, and convenient treatments for blood cancer in India, the patient and the family can be at ease. Based on the cancer growth, the doctor advises proper treatments for slow or aggressive cancers. The therapies for blood cancer can be discrete from vigorous observation sans cancer-bound therapies to typical cancer treatments that include Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. As more than 100 types of different blood cancers are in recognition by doctors at present, patients and families should get a precise diagnosis and decide the treatment best for the patient.
Risks of blood cancer
It is difficult to understand the actual risk of blood cancer. But research and development state that blood cancers originate from a combination of ecological and genetic factors. Moreover, a few environmental factors, such as exposure to radiation, exposure to chemicals, and smoking, is directly proportional and relate to raised risks of blood cancer.
A few causes that can raise the risk of blood cancer are:
- Cancer treatment in the medical history of the patient
- Genetic disorder/abnormality
- Harmful Chemical exposure
- Family history(ancestral) of cancer
Though it is not necessary for people with some of the above risks to be attacked by cancer cells, at the same time, many people having cancer do not possess any of such risks.
Blood cancer symptoms
The symptoms of blood cancer may differ by the disorder and the stage but usually possess the indications below
- Chills or Fever
- Constant fatigue and weakness
- Rigorous and frequent infections
- Drastic weight loss
- Effortless bruising or bleeding
- Frequents bleeding nose
- Enlargement of spleen or liver
- Inflamed lymph nodes
- Pain in bones
- Extreme sweating, particularly at night
- Minor purple, brown, or red spots on the skin
Blood Cancer Treatment in India
The treatment of blood cancer in India depends on various aspects. They are the patient’s age, the type of cancer, the growth of cancer in other body parts, and the pace at which the cancer is advancing.
Comparative to earlier times, blood cancer treatment in India has advanced to a new level that is vastly curable. Below are the treatments for blood cancer in India.
Chemotherapy is a treatment that involves the introduction of Anticancer drugs into the patient’s body. These drugs can be in the form of oral pills or injections of drug doses into the vein. The drug can be single or in multiple amounts based on cancer and condition of the patient. The chemical formula of this drug kills the cancer cells in the body and stops its production.
Radiation therapy
In radiation therapy, the patient gets exposure to high-power beams and X-rays that can eliminate and halt the progress of the cancer cells. These rays emit from a big machine that moves over the patient’s body and aims directly at the affected areas. The radiation beams can be receivable on the entire body or a particular part of the body with cancer cells. This therapy is also helpful in the preparation of stem cell transplants.
Targeted therapy
Targeted therapies introduce drugs that especially attack the cancerous blood cells and are harmless to normal healthy cells. These drugs aim at particular malformations in the cancerous cells, thereby sticking the irregularity and killing the cancer cells. This therapy is usually for treating leukaemia. The test of the patient’s cells (leukaemia) is advisable to understand if the treatment is effective.
Stem cell transplant
Bone marrow transplant is also known as transplant of stem cells. It is a treatment that infuses healthy cells in a patient’s body post-combative treatment, destroying the cancer cells. Due to this treatment, the detrimental bone marrow restores normal and regenerative bone marrow.
In the process, the patient is under heavy doses of radiation or Chemotherapy that can eliminate the cancer cells in the bone marrow. After the therapies, the healthy cells collected before treatment is infused into the body to produce healthy stem cells and restore the bone marrow. However, the stem cells can be from a matching donor or the patient’s body.
Cancer Surgery
This surgical treatment eliminates the part/organ affected by cancer from spreading or harming the body further.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy triggers the immune system of the patient’s body to attack the cancer cells in particular. It is difficult for the immune system to identify the cancer cells as they create a protein that helps them disguise themselves from the cells of the immune system.
Engineered immune cells
The (CAR)-T / chimeric antigen receptor cell therapy uses the T germ-fighting cell from the patient’s body to attack the cancer cells. After the engineering, these cells help to eliminate cancer upon infusion into the patient’s body.
Main Types of Blood Cancers
Primarily blood cancer is in three types. Leukaemia, Lymphoma,, and Myeloma. The details about them are as follows:
- Leukaemia
Cancer involving white blood cells or cancer in which the cells turn white is leukaemia. The white blood in the human body is required to fight infections, but leukaemia stops white blood cells to rebuke the infectivity. It can be broadly divided into two types quick spreading or acute leukaemia and slow progressing or chronic leukaemia. They can attack the lymphocytes, and the immune cells, hence regarded as the most commonly found cancer in children below 15 years.
It happens when a few blood cells undergo genetic mutations and keep dividing and growing rather than growing and dying at the set rate and time. This condition leads to improper production of blood cells, which breaks the control and accumulates over the normal blood cells. So this, in turn, leads to less no. of healthy cells (platelets, white cells, and red cells) in the blood, indicating symptoms and signs of leukaemia. Given below are the details of the different types of leukaemia;
- Acute leukaemia
Acute leukaemia has an irregular growth of blood cells and fails to accomplish regular tasks. They tend to multiply hastily, aggravating cancer. In acute leukaemia, quick and combative treatment is necessary. Based on the further classification, Acute leukaemia is in two types:
Acute lymphocytic (ALL)- A common leukaemia appearing in children of young age, though (ALL) can be found in adults too.
Acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML)- This is the most commonly occurring leukaemia cancer. Both adults and children can get affected by this cancer.
AML type mainly appears in adults.
- Chronic leukaemia
Chronic leukaemia can be of several types. They may produce plenty of cells or just a few. It engages more-grown blood cells to create photocopies and mount up slowly. So the cells will be able to perform the functions as usual for a limited time. Due to this condition, chronic leukaemia gets ignored and remains unidentified for many years. It is further into two categories;
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)- In this leukaemia, the patient will feel fine without any treatment.
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML)- CML is a type of leukaemia that commonly attacks adults. The patient might not have any or a few symptoms for as long as months and years to the phase where the cancer cells grow swiftly.
There are a few other types of leukaemia based on the influence of white cells in the blood
Lymphocytic leukaemia
In this type, leukaemia directly attacks lymphocytes or lymphoid cells, which creates lymphatic tissues or lymphoid that form the immune system.
Myelogenous leukaemia
The leukaemia affecting myeloid cells is Myelogenous leukaemia. Myeloid cells increase the production of platelets, red blood cells, and white cells.
Few different types
A few other kinds of leukaemia present include leukaemia in the hairy cell, myeloproliferative disorder, and myelodysplastic syndrome.
2.Lymphoma –
Lymphoma is the most commonly diagnosed blood cancer, with more than fifty percent of cases found in adults. Cancer is present in the lymphatic system and lymph nodes. The lymphatic system is an essential element in the immune system, and lymph nodes are the bean-shaped structures that filter out the dangerous stuff. Lymphoma distresses lymphocytes. Hodgkin’s lymphoma is usually a known disease by doctors, and the other lymphomas are non-Hodgkin.
3.Myeloma
Cancer involving plasma cells is myeloma. The plasma cells are differentiated lymphocytes that form antibodies that help in protection from infectivity. This cancer damages the immune system, making the body infection-prone.
Top Blood Cancer Hospital in India
India is a very hospitable country. With the development and emergence of medical treatment, India has transformed into a hotspot for the best cure for blood cancer. The cancer diagnosis can be long, callous, and expensive, though, in India, the case is different. The hospitals for blood cancer in India provide treatment efficiently with complete dedication to every single patient. The hospitals are well-equipped with the latest technology and machines that can help in the observation precisely. Apart from the experienced doctors, the team and staff in the hospital in India are attentive and helpful to the patient and attendees in a delicate manner. Along with the best facilities, the treatment cost is affordable to ensure the best treatment. The top hospitals for blood cancer in India are accessible and convenient, as the hospitals provide treatment for all types of blood cancers, including lymphoma, myeloma, and leukaemia.
Given below is the list of the best hospitals in India.
- Fortis Hospital-Mulund West, Mumbai
- Kidwai Hospital-Jayanagar, Bangalore
- Tata Memorial Hospital-Parel, Mumbai
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals-Sarita Vihar, Delhi
- Medanta-The Medicity
- Apollo Hospital-Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore
- American Oncology Institute-Lingampally, Hyderabad
- Fortis Malar Hospital-Adyar, Chennai
- Jaslok Hospital-Peddar Road, Mumbai
- Adyar Cancer Institute-Adyar, Chennai
Best Blood cancer Oncologists in India
The Oncologists in India are best for treating blood cancer as they are highly experienced and globally trained. Doctors in India can help patients in the diagnosis of disease accurately with the bounty of knowledge they acquired. They draw a precise diet chart for every patient based on their stage, disorder, allergies, and condition. After the diagnosis, a proper treatment plan is on schedule for the patient with fewer possible side effects and the best treatment. The oncologist in India discusses all details with related staff to ensure the correct dosage of drugs and encourage the best possible care for the blood cancer patient.
Listed below are some of the best Indian oncologists
- Dr. Ramakant Deshpande
- Dr. Suresh Advani
- Dr. Sanjay Sharma
- Dr. Rajan Shah
- Dr. Anil D Cruz
- Dr Raghunath S K
- Dr Mehul Bhansali
- Dr Nitesh Rohatgi
- Dr. Ritu Jain
- Dr. Surender Kumar Dabas
Survival rate
The survival rate of blood cancer mainly depends on the health condition, the response, and the age at the time of treatment. The survival rate for blood cancer in India is above 75%. The survival rate of blood cancer patients has increased drastically within the last 50 years.
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